WashingTongue Post Hole

Mad cows (and livid lambs) - Telegraph

2008-08-11T17:48:00.000-07:00

"Marauding elephants, aggressive sea lions, snap-happy crocodiles... As animal attacks on humans reach frightening levels, scientists are beginning to understand exactly what the beasts are thinking. And it's not good."

But it's now widely accepted that the relationship between humans and animals is changing. One of the world's leading ethologists (specialists in animal behaviour) believes that a critical point has been crossed and animals are beginning to snap back. After centuries of being eaten, evicted, subjected to vivisection, killed for fun, worn as hats and made to ride bicycles in circuses, something is causing them to turn on us.

Mad cows (and livid lambs) - Telegraph:

The Era of Catastrophe? Geologists Name New Era After Human Influence on the Planet | Environment | AlterNet

2008-08-11T16:57:00.000-07:00

The Era of Catastrophe? Geologists Name New Era After Human Influence on the Planet | Environment | AlterNet

The Problem Is Simple: Too Many People, Too Much Stuff | Environment | AlterNet

2008-08-08T09:22:00.000-07:00

"Our species' negative impact on our own life-support systems can be approximated by the equation I=PAT. In that equation, the size of the population (P) is multiplied by the average affluence or consumption per individual (A), and that in turn is multiplied by some measure of the technology (T) that services and drives the consumption. Thus commuting in automobiles powered by subsidized fossil fuels on proliferating freeways creates a much greater T factor than commuting on bikes using simple paths or working at home on a computer network. The product of P, A, and T is Impact (I), a rough estimate of how much humanity is degrading the ecosystem services it depends upon."

There is no technological change we can make that will permit growth in either human numbers or material affluence to continue to expand. In the face of this, the neglect of the intertwined issues of population and consumption is stunning.

Read the article The Problem Is Simple: Too Many People, Too Much Stuff | Environment | AlterNet:

Climate change: Prepare for global temperature rise of 4C, warns top scientist | Environment | guardian.co.uk

2008-08-06T16:01:00.000-07:00

"There is no doubt that we should aim to limit changes in the global mean surface temperature to 2C above pre-industrial," Watson, the chief scientific adviser to the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, told the Guardian. "But given this is an ambitious target, and we don't know in detail how to limit greenhouse gas emissions to realise a 2 degree target, we should be prepared to adapt to 4C."

"I think that is a dangerous mindset to be in. Thinking through the implications of 4 degrees of warming shows that the impacts are so significant that the only real adaptation strategy is to avoid that at all cost because of the pain and suffering that is going to cost.

"There is no science on how we are going to adapt to 4 degrees warming. It is actually pretty alarming," he added.

Climate change: Prepare for global temperature rise of 4C, warns top scientist | Environment | guardian.co.uk

George Monbiot: The stakes could not be higher. Everything hinges on stopping coal | Comment is free | The Guardian

2008-08-05T15:29:00.000-07:00

George Monbiot: The stakes could not be higher. Everything hinges on stopping coal | Comment is free | The Guardian

Electric Cars Are the Key to Energy Independence | Environment | AlterNet

2008-08-02T16:32:00.000-07:00

Oil generates only 3 percent of our electricity. Therefore a 100 percent renewable electricity system does little to reduce our oil dependency -- unless that electricity is used to substitute for oil in our transportation system.

The prospect of a large battery capacity contained in tens of millions of electrified vehicles could be, in the words of one utility executive, "a game changer."

A large storage capacity could also ameliorate the intermittency problem of renewable energy, which in turn could allow a much higher proportion of renewable electricity on the grid.

Read the entire story. Electric Cars Are the Key to Energy Independence | Environment | AlterNet

Climate-change allies chart bold course

2008-07-31T10:39:00.000-07:00

In 18 months, the WCI has gone from a handshake deal among five western U.S. governors to a partnership that is laying ambitious mandatory emission-reduction plans that will affect 73 per cent of the Canadian economy and 20 per cent of the U.S. economy.

Climate-change allies chart bold course

Cow power could generate electricity for millions, US study shows - Telegraph

2008-07-24T07:26:00.000-07:00

Cow power could generate electricity for millions, US study shows - Telegraph

Sounds like a bunch of shit to me, and in their own words, They estimate that 3 per cent of America's total electricity demand could be created from animal waste,

It is.

Democracy Now! | Who's Paying for the Conventions? Corporate Sponsors Pour Millions into Party Coffers

2008-07-23T14:47:00.000-07:00

Bought and paid for politicians who will not represent the people is guarranteed Their political label make no difference and the current congress is a perfect reason to forget about a change in the national agenda.

Democracy Now! | Who's Paying for the Conventions? Corporate Sponsors Pour Millions into Party Coffers

t r u t h o u t | Election Fraud and Tyranny: Part 2

2008-07-23T14:02:00.000-07:00

Election Defense Alliance researchers Jonathan Simon and Bruce O'Dell studied the 2006 results and found that there was a net shift of at least three million votes away from the Democratic candidates in the 2006 elections for the House of Representatives. The Democratic victory margin was shaved by 4% according this highly persuasive analysis.

Simon and O'Dell conclude:
"there was gross vote count manipulation [that] had a great impact on the results of E2006, significantly decreasing the magnitude of what would have been, accurately tabulated, a [Democratic] landslide of epic proportions." (Emphasis added)

How do we know that a landslide was denied? Simon and O'Dell persuade us in two rather simple steps. First, they show that the 2006 Election Night national exit poll sample gave the Democrats a victory margin at least 3 million votes greater nationwide than that tabulated by the vote-counting computers. Then they examine the exit poll sample itself and very simply and persuasively refute the charge that it over-sampled Democrats. This is the excuse that corporate media used to dismiss the obvious signs of election fraud and justify their own silence. Their analysis is based not on a general assertion of the reliability of exit polls, but on the specific and publicly available evidence that this particular exit poll was highly reliable

t r u t h o u t | Election Fraud and Tyranny: Part 2

Send email replies to: hlbumpkin.anybody@blogspot.com

Corn, Incorporated: The Ethanol Scam

2008-07-14T17:17:00.000-07:00

"researchers found that corn-based ethanol, 'instead of producing a 20 percent savings in greenhouse gases, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.'"

from Corn, Incorporated: The Ethanol Scam | Environment | AlterNet:

As planet swelters, are algae unlikely saviour? - Yahoo! News UK

2008-07-11T06:56:00.000-07:00

May all you (f)lakes turn green with envy. with a little help from our friends:

As planet swelters, are algae unlikely saviour? Yahoo! News UK

rawlermen cling on as oceans empty - and the ecosystem is gasping | Comment is free | The Guardian

2008-07-08T04:52:00.000-07:00

"All over the world, protesters are engaged in a heroic battle with reality. They block roads, picket fuel depots, throw missiles and turn over cars in an effort to hold it at bay. The oil is running out and governments, they insist, must do something about it.

Just as the oil price now seems to be all that stands between us and runaway climate change,"

George Monbiot: Trawlermen cling on as oceans empty - and the ecosystem is gasping | Comment is free | The Guardian:

Danny Rich: the scientific and religious communities must work together to raise awareness of climate change | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk

2008-07-06T09:15:00.000-07:00

The poll concluded that many did not want to restrict their lifestyles and only a small minority thought they need to make "significant and radical changes".

Pray tell us more:
Danny Rich: the scientific and religious communities must work together to raise awareness of climate change | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk

More evidence that the situation is desperate. Maybe it is God's plan to wipe out all but a "remnant."

Happy Independence from Oil Day: Will your weekend be gas-free?

2008-07-04T13:23:00.000-07:00

Saw this on a bicycling site.

<<<< - Mav&Jen_Europade - >>>>: Happy Independence from Oil Day: Will your weekend be gas-free?

Extinction threatens more species than thought - Telegraph

2008-07-02T12:39:00.000-07:00

"When we apply our new mathematical model to species extinction rates, it shows that things are worse than we thought," said Dr Melbourne.

"By accounting for random differences between individuals, extinction rates for endangered species can be orders of magnitude higher than conservation biologists have believed."

"Almost all previous studies don't include all of the factors we studied, so it is fair to say that most previous studies suffer from this inadequacy. One general message from our work is that population sizes might need to be much larger for species to be relatively safe from extinction."

Extinction threatens more species than thought - Telegraph

Pricing Carbon Emissions

2008-06-29T12:00:00.000-07:00

Guest Opinion: Global Warming Twenty Years Later | Worldwatch Institute: "

Moving from fossil fuels to clean energy is challenging, yet it is also transformative in ways that will be welcomed. Cheap, subsidized fossil fuels engendered bad habits. We import food from halfway around the world, for example, even with healthier products available from nearby fields. Local produce would be competitive were it not for fossil fuel subsidies and the fact that climate change damages and costs, due to fossil fuels, are also borne by the public."

Send email replies to: hlbumpkin.anybody@blogspot.com

Solar and Wind Will Drive Natural Gas Up - Seeking Alpha

2008-06-29T11:45:00.000-07:00

This article demonstrates how the pervasive carbon economy thinking prevents thinking about a future without it,i.e layered beneath this article is the idea that the only way to have a viable future is to rely on overconsumption as an economic driver.

Solar and Wind Will Drive Natural Gas Up - Seeking Alpha

Devil in the Details: Three Profoundly Disturbing Carbon Scenarios

2008-06-24T06:22:00.000-07:00

The general outlook of the scenarios has been termed “profoundly disturbing” by one participant, climate researcher and author Mark Lynas.

All three of the report’s scenarios define “success” as a greater than 90% chance of less than 2ºC (3.6ºF) warming above pre-industrial levels, which is the most commonly accepted scientific threshold for successful mitigation of adverse effects of climate change,

In the words of the authors, “the horse has bolted, but there is still scope to contain the greatest extent of damage [from climate change] through innovative and efficient policy.”

excerpts from Green Car Congress: Devil in the Details: Three Profoundly Disturbing Carbon Scenarios

The Real Story Behind the Midwest Floods? Climate Change | Environment | AlterNet

2008-06-21T05:49:00.000-07:00

One of the candidates to replace Bush has a solution. When I asked Ralph Nader about global warming this week, he said: "We've got to have a national mission of converting our economy, and the example for the world is solar energy, 4 billion years of supply. It is environmentally benign, decentralized, makes us energy-independent and replaces the ExxonMobil/Peabody Coal/uranium complex. That is why we have got to go for economic, political, health and safety reasons."

The Real Story Behind the Midwest Floods? Climate Change | Environment | AlterNet

Decline and Fall of America's Energy Empire | OurFuture.org

2008-06-19T11:43:00.000-07:00

he current debate over offshore oil leases has put America's gargantuan energy appetite back on the discussion table this week. I've tried to stay out of it so far for two reasons.

For the bigger context on what's happening, we need to think in centuries, not just decades. There's a lot to this view — this article admittedly oversimplifies a lot, and bypasses a few important issues entirely — but that just means there's plenty more to discuss in future posts. For now, some basics.

Read the rest of this thoughtful commentary at Decline and Fall of America's Energy Empire | OurFuture.org

Why Fair Trade May Be Our Only Hope | Environment | AlterNet

2008-06-12T20:08:00.000-07:00

...the issue of whether or not the world will be fed is partly a function of ownership. This reflects an unexpected discovery. It was first made in 1962 by the Nobel economist Amartya Sen, and has since been confirmed by dozens of further studies. There is an inverse relationship between the size of farms and the amount of crops they produce per hectare. The smaller they are, the greater the yield.

Why Fair Trade May Be Our Only Hope | Environment | AlterNet

OPINION: China’s Wind Power Development Exceeds Expectations | Worldwatch Institute

2008-06-10T09:49:00.000-07:00

A recent boom in Chinese wind power development has surpassed the government's original target and forced policymakers to set a new goal that might still be too modest.

In 2007, cumulative wind installations in China exceeded 5 gigawatts (GW), the goal originally set for 2010 by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China's top economic planner. The Commission had set the target in its 2006 mid- and long-term development plan for renewable energy. The plan's target for 2020 was 30 GW, a level that is now projected to be reached by 2012, eight years ahead of schedule.

OPINION: China’s Wind Power Development Exceeds Expectations | Worldwatch Institute

What is wrong with overconsumption?

2008-06-04T08:55:00.000-07:00

Think Progress � Kmart promotes abstinence pants.

It looks like a good way to promote the purchase of another unneeded piece of clothing so that misguided parents can feel good about themselves when their teenagers beg for one more new pair of sweatpants.

This is just another example of how ludicrous the overconsumption economic model the contemporary world is hooked on really is. The use of young women's bodies to sell products is ever present, this example just happens to be a case where the pornographers are caught with their pants up. At least when mommy and daddy are looking.

If we are lucky, maybe it will inform some young people of the hypocrisy although any product with a product name or a slogan falls in the same category in my opinion, the difference only lies in what offends the beholder.

On the other hand, maybe the "outraged" should have been looking on the other side of the street to see this announcement Carbon neutral underpants | Cleantech.com if they really understood how stupid this whole thing is and wanted to make constructive comments on the whole fashion industry.

One more disturbing piece of evidence from AlterNet, Too Much Stuff! America's New Love Affair With Self-Storage: Overconsumption is overconsumption pure and simple and it is part of an economic model that spells doom for the planet. I don't know whether to laugh or cry wolf.

Well maybe it would be better to go here and watch the video from "Worker of world, RELAX" explaining the danger of a work ethic that fill garages with junk and why efficiency never works.

Siemens to open Colo. wind turbine R&D center | Planetary Gear: a CNET blog on mechanical engineering technology - CNET News.com

2008-06-04T07:13:00.000-07:00

The energy sector of the German company made the announcement on Tuesday in Houston, Texas, at Windpower 2008, the American Wind Energy Association's annual conference.

Siemens to open Colo. wind turbine R&D center | Planetary Gear: a CNET blog on mechanical engineering technology - CNET News.com

As part of the plan, Siemens Energy will collaborate with the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) to install a Siemens 2.3-megawatt (MW) wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center located just outside of Boulder.

With the announcement timed for just before the last of the presidential primaries, this marks a significant development for wind energy in the US. Germany is the global leader in wind energy development, in my opinion, the location at NREL signals a new era of international cooperation in alternative technologies and a pull back in mindless dedication to industrial era energy production technologies that has been the norm for the current administration.

Under the "you never know" or is is "wishful thinking" department, because of the misguided policies that have lead to a deterioration of USD value against the Euro it will be more profitable to build the wind turbines in the US to meet the demand in Europe. The added market thus enhancing the pace of change in the US.

Get used to high food costs, water shortages

2008-06-03T15:55:00.000-07:00

There are times when a cool head and calm talk are just what the doctor ordered. For example, when financial turmoil strikes financial markets the last thing those trying to fix things need is to panic the public and cause a run on banks. But this is different. This time panic is exactly what's needed to break through all the denial, wishful thinking, inertia, special interest spin and political cowardliness, Public panic is precisely what it's going to take to shake things loose and get those who need to get off the dime to do just that -- and fast -- and furiously -- and and with white knuckles on the controls -- as if their lives -- and yours -- depended on it.

News For Real: Forget oil, the new global crisis is food

Push for sustainable energy from householders - Telegraph

2008-06-03T05:52:00.000-07:00

Small-scale energy units would include solar panels, wind turbines, combined heat and power boilers, and ground and air source pumps.

It says take-up could be boosted by so called feed-in tariffs - allowing householders to sell any electricity they do not need in their own home to the big energy companies at a fixed price.

These kinds of measures would work in any advanced nation. The Center for American Progress says fund it with Cap-and-Trade Auction Revenue

Read the full article from Telegraph here, Push for sustainable energy from householders

Bicycling & Walking :: Active Living Resource Center

2008-06-01T07:43:00.000-07:00

ActiveLivingResources.org :: Active Living Resource Center

Streets for People download from Active Living Resource Center

Complete Streets for Active Communities download from Active Living Resource Center

Getting to COMPLETE STREETS:

South Dakota Safe Routes to School Program

Provocations as Pretexts for Imperial War: From Pearl Harbor to 9/11

2008-05-30T19:40:00.000-07:00

AxisofLogic/ Featured: Provocations as Pretexts for Imperial War: From Pearl Harbor to 9/11

"Behind every imperial war there is a Great Lie’

One of the most important political implications of our discussion of the US government’s resort to provocations and deception to launch imperial wars is that the vast majority of the American people are opposed to overseas wars. Government lies at the service of military interventions are necessary to undermine the American public’s preference for a foreign policy based on respect for self-determination of nations."

Call for green haven cities - Yahoo! News UK

2008-05-30T19:18:00.000-07:00

"A radical redesign of our towns and cities will be needed to tackle climate change, the Government's design watchdog has warned.

Cabe also wants to see the "dignity" put back into public transport, a national programme to encourage homeowners to make their houses more energy efficient and more neighbourhood-scale energy generation."

Call for green haven cities - Yahoo! News UK

a litany of bad news in store for the US

2008-05-30T19:15:00.000-07:00

"A group of 1,700 leading scientists called on the US government yesterday to take the lead in fighting global warming. Citing the 'unprecedented and unanticipated' effects of global warming, the scientists, including six Nobel prizewinners, presented a letter calling for an immediate reduction in US carbon emissions."

Act on climate change, top scientists warn US | Environment | The Guardian:

Wind brings 150 news jobs | argusleader.com | Argus Leader

2008-05-30T06:40:00.000-07:00

Broadwind CEO J. Cameron Drecoll said transportation and logistics for tower sections have become increasingly complex and costly to the wind energy marketplace. Broadwind and Tower Tech will provide tower production capabilities close to major wind energy development areas and supply logistical services to project sites. He added that the service will reduce risks associated with long-distance transport.

Read the story in the Sioux Falls Argus LeaderWind brings 150 news jobs

Changing the Habits of an entire generation

2008-05-30T06:07:00.000-07:00

SAFE ROUTES to SCHOOL

Support your local and state efforts!
Click the logo and find out how

Q&A: "Climate Change Is Like Tossing a Pebble in a Calm Pond"

2008-05-28T16:48:00.000-07:00

"Apparently, we have a lot learn from the ordinary lives of European yeoman and Mongolian horsemen in regards to living with climate change. As it is, rising temperatures had a profound affect throughout much of Medieval Europe and population centres around the world."

The Maya in Central America -- that was a very heavy society and basically when there were droughts, environmental stress, social disorder, that all fell apart. They were in a vulnerable position and so are we. We live in larges cities; there are many, many more of us.

Read the rest of the story

Creative Citizen

2008-05-27T18:36:00.000-07:00

Tap in to the Power of the Collective. Creative Citizen acts to make the future possible and worth living.

Join and have a global effect through collective action.

The age of Stupid

2008-05-27T18:21:00.000-07:00

Crude:

"More deadly than Terminator, more terrifying than Hannibal, more destructive than King Kong... a brand new screen monster: YOU"

t r u t h o u t | $130 Oil: Is That a Tipping Point?

2008-05-24T08:37:00.000-07:00

"We may finally have crossed the line where the price of crude actually matters for most companies," said Peter Boockvar, equity strategist at New York financial firm Miller Tabak & Co. "The stock market has been in la-la land when it comes to oil, but they got a pretty good dose of reality the last few days."

The ill effects of the latest price hikes would not be so surprising if it were not for the fact that the nation's economy and financial markets remained blissfully unruffled by oil's upward march during most of the last five years. Until this week.

Read the rest of
t r u t h o u t | $130 Oil: Is That a Tipping Point?

t r u t h o u t | Mazzocchi, Speth and Capitalism's Future

2008-05-22T19:29:00.000-07:00

t r u t h o u t | Mazzocchi, Speth and Capitalism's Future: "

"Capitalism as we know it today is incapable of sustaining the environment."

Winds of Change

2008-05-19T10:02:00.000-07:00

A stunning new report just issued by the Bush administration finds that for under 2 cents a day per household, Americans could get 300 gigawatts of wind by 2030. That would:

* Reduce carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation by 25 percent in 2030.
* Reduce natural gas use by 11 percent.
* Reduce cumulative water consumption associated with electricity generation by 4 trillion gallons by 2030.
* Support roughly 500,000 # jobs in the U.S.

The report doesn't mention that this would require adopting policies the Bush administration opposes. But that's what elections are for.

Read More here

Climate change regulations will generate $3 trillion. - May. 15, 2008

2008-05-16T18:23:00.000-07:00

Climate change regulations will generate $3 trillion. - May. 15, 2008

(Fortune) -- A climate-change bill that has widespread support as it heads to the Senate floor will create an estimated $150 billion of new assets in the first year it takes effect. Between now and 2050, regulating greenhouse gases could easily generate $3 trillion worth in value in the United States.

Should that value go to utility companies, electricity customers who will face rising rates, government investments in new technology or tax cuts? Or should it be returned to all Americans?

Five Ways To Make Bike Commuting Easy | Gadget Lab from Wired.com

2008-05-16T08:24:00.000-07:00

Five Ways To Make Bike Commuting Easy | Gadget Lab from Wired.com

Today is Bike-to-Work Day. We know what you're thinking. Biking to work is great and all, but it's just not practical, right? Wrong. Think of the advantages. No wasted gas, no searching for a parking spot, no waiting in traffic jams. In fact, the bike could end up getting you to work quicker. But there are some things a car does better and so, in honor of the day, we've put together a list of things you can add to make two wheels just as comfortable as four.

OneWorld U.S. Home / Today's News - Pedaling Toward Cleaner Cities

2008-05-15T16:29:00.000-07:00

OneWorld U.S. Home Pedaling Toward Cleaner Cities

WASHINGTON, May 13 (OneWorld) - What single silver bullet can simultaneously reduce air pollution and oil dependency, roll back urban congestion, and fight obesity?

It's not a pill, nor a complicated formula concocted by the World Bank. People around the world are turning to bicycles by the millions, as governments rush to create incentives for the low-tech transport alternative to gas-glugging, smog-making, traffic jam-producing automobiles.

Down With the Sickness

2008-04-11T18:26:00.000-07:00

Like a liver badly transplanted, the planet is rapidly rejecting the human species. While the global economy seems to be geared towards infinite growth, spewing toxins into the environment with gay abandon and finding ever more harmful means of despoiling ecosystems, it is becoming more and more clear that we, as a complex society, are reaching a point of decision, and not any old decision: stop now, or collapse. Mend your ways, or descend into a somewhat more primal state of affairs. The smart money, is on the latter."

read more Down With the Sickness: "A Review of Stan Cox's Sick Planet: Corporate Food and Medicine

Peak Oil Is a Problem We Can Solve Now | Environment | AlterNet

2008-04-11T08:07:00.000-07:00

"Many people are expecting unconventional oil -- such as the tar sands and liquid coal -- to make up the supply shortage. That would be a climate catastrophe, and I (optimistically) believe humanity is wise enough not to let that happen. More supply is not the answer to either our oil or climate problem."

Read more at Peak Oil Is a Problem We Can Solve Now | Environment | AlterNet:

Those Who Control Oil and Water Will Control the World | Environment | AlterNet

2008-04-08T13:22:00.000-07:00

The scramble for energy is shaping many of the conflicts we can expect in the present century. The danger is not just another oil shock that impacts on industrial production, but a threat of famine. Without a drip feed of petroleum to highly mechanised farms, many of the food shelves in the supermarkets would be empty.

read more in Those Who Control Oil and Water Will Control the World | Environment | AlterNet

Take note of a very pertinent comment:

TS Eliot where are you?

Posted by: talkville on Apr 7, 2008 2:47 AM
Current rating: Not yet rated [1 = poor; 5 = excellent]
"There is no alternative to continuing growth..." What can this mean??

The assaults on Latin America, once again beginning; the assault on Africa, never really ended. The US led IMF WTO assault on just about every majority-world country in raiding state assets and resources and privatizing them all (which include land, water, air-space, and mineral holdings) in this rapidly progressing Wasteland called Earth simply cannot either ecologically, economically or humanly continue under this thoroughly ideologized blob-word called 'growth'. Alternatives exist, just as several different meanings and senses are available when referring to 'growth'; and lest we forget: sometimes allowing the atrophy of certain things and ways of thinking can do marvels for saner 'games' as well as for sanity. [my emphasis added]

Let's not forget: The Club for Growth is a VERY exclusive one.

Climate target is not radical enough - study | Environment | The Guardian

2008-04-06T19:59:00.000-07:00

One of the world's leading climate scientists warns today that the EU and its international partners must urgently rethink targets for cutting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because of fears they have grossly underestimated the scale of the problem.

In a startling reappraisal of the threat, James Hansen, head of the Nasa Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, calls for a sharp reduction in C02 limits.

Hansen says the EU target of 550 parts per million of C02 - the most stringent in the world - should be slashed to 350ppm. He argues the cut is needed if "humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilisation developed".

Climate target is not radical enough - study | Environment | The Guardian

CLIMATE CHANGE: A Game With Too Many Free Riders

2008-04-04T23:11:00.000-07:00

By Stephen Leahy*

BROOKLIN, Canada, Apr 4 (IPS) - The evidence is piling up that climate change threatens to bring a chaotic future unlike anything ever known. Taking collective action in time to avert the worst means rewarding climate-safe behaviour, punishing climate transgressors and publicly praising those who are trying to protect the environment, a new study suggests.

The nations of the world will come together to set a target and timeframe for reducing emissions from burning fossil fuels at the end of 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Scientists have repeatedly stated the 2020 target must be 25 to 40 percent emission reductions from the 1990 emission baseline. Can the global community reach this collective target through individual efforts when everyone suffers individually if the target is missed?

The short answer: No.

CLIMATE CHANGE: A Game With Too Many Free Riders

This is the last in a four part series:

Part One - CLIMATE CHANGE: The Future Is Now
Part Two - CLIMATE CHANGE: The Fault Lies Not in Our Cars but in Ourselves
Part Three - CLIMATE CHANGE: A Vision Worth Fighting For

climate catastrophe has already begun to reshape human civilisation.

2008-04-03T19:34:00.000-07:00

Annual emissions of heat-trapping carbon dioxide (CO2) are three times higher today than in the 1990s. Even if the impossible could be done -- cease all CO2 emissions today -- the average global temperature will continue to increase from the present 0.8 degrees C above normal to 1.6 - 1.8C, data shows. And that new global average temperature would remain higher than normal for the next 500 years because of the time it will take for the warming oceans to cool.

CLIMATE CHANGE: The Future Is Now

The God of Consumption = Irrevesible Climate Change

2008-03-31T16:21:00.000-07:00

The question is often asked these days if humanity will be able to get its act together to formulate an effective response to climate change.

The transition must be one not only from a fossil-fuel based economy but also from an overconsumption-driven economy.

The end-goal must be adoption of a low-consumption, low-growth, high-equity development model that results in an improvement in people's welfare, a better quality of life for all, and greater democratic control of production.

Logical Science | Corn Ethanol: The Great Boondoggle

2008-03-23T15:14:00.000-07:00

Logical Science | Corn Ethanol: The Great Boondoggle

Harvard and Columbia University’s Professor Michael McElroy writes:The balance in terms of emission of greenhouse gases is close to a wash for the United States: the reduction in net emissions of carbon dioxide obtained by using corn rather than petroleum as a "feedstock" for motor fuel is largely offset by additional emissions of the several hundredfold more potent greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, formed as a byproduct of the nitrogen fertilizer used to grow the corn.

This is while we are using natural gas to make the corn. If we switch to coal for the distillation process then the situation will only get worse.

If We Want to Survive the Climate Crisis We Must Change | Environment | AlterNet

2008-03-15T14:02:00.000-07:00

If We Want to Survive the Climate Crisis We Must Change | Environment | AlterNet

Either we build real community -- with mass transit and local food -- or we will go down clinging to the wreckage of our privatized society.

... really, we need to change our sense of what we want from the world.

Do we want enormous homes and enormous cars, all to ourselves? If we do, then we can't deal with global warming. Do we want to keep eating food that travels 1,500 miles to reach our lips? Or can we take the bus or ride a bike to the farmers' market? Does that sound romantic to you? Farmers' markets are the fastest growing part of the American food economy; really, we need to change our sense of what we want from the world.

Only zero emissions can prevent a warmer planet - climate-change - 29 February 2008 - New Scientist Environment

2008-03-05T15:44:00.000-08:00

Only zero emissions can prevent a warmer planet - climate-change - 29 February 2008 - New Scientist Environment:

"Greenhouse gas emissions will have to be eliminated completely to stabilise the Earth's climate and prevent temperatures from rising. That’s the conclusion of climatologists in the US who say that our current efforts to merely stabilise emissions will not be enough."

Send email replies to: hlbumpkin.anybody@blogspot.com

World can 'afford' to solve its environmental woes: OECD - Yahoo! News UK

2008-03-05T07:47:00.000-08:00

World can 'afford' to solve its environmental woes: OECD - Yahoo! News UK:

"The suggested measures would cost just over 1.0 percent of the predicted global gross domestic product in 2030, meaning world wealth would grow on average 0.03 percentage points less per year over the next 22 years, the organisation said.

If nothing is done however, global greenhouse gas emissions could rise by over 50 percent by 2050, while 'one billion more people will be living in areas of severe water stress by 2030 than today, and premature deaths caused by ground-level ozone worldwide would quadruple by 2030,' the OECD report said."

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'Enjoy life while you can' | Environment | The Guardian

2008-03-03T19:50:00.000-08:00

'Enjoy life while you can' | Environment | The Guardian

For decades, his advocacy of nuclear power appalled fellow environmentalists - but recently increasing numbers of them have come around to his way of thinking. His latest book, The Revenge of Gaia, predicts that by 2020 extreme weather will be the norm, causing global devastation; that by 2040 much of Europe will be Saharan; and parts of London will be underwater

Peak Oil: Life After the Oil Crash

2008-03-03T14:38:00.000-08:00

Peak Oil: Life After the Oil Crash

Oil jumps to new record on dollar's fall - Yahoo! News

2008-03-03T07:27:00.000-08:00

Oil jumps to new record on dollar's fall - Yahoo! News

See the Science Behind Climate Change : Yahoo! Green

2008-02-25T07:05:00.000-08:00

Good Site to know about to keep up on climate news.

See the Science Behind Climate Change : Yahoo! Green

Scoop: Low-Carbon Economy 'Makes Good Business Sense'

2008-02-14T19:42:00.000-08:00

Scoop: Low-Carbon Economy 'Makes Good Business Sense':

"'You are here today because you recognize climate change as an opportunity as well as a threat,' Mr. Ban told the large gathering at UN Headquarters in New York which brought together 450 participants, who together control $10-15 trillion in investment capital. 'You understand that the shift to a low-carbon economy opens new revenue streams and creates new markets.'"

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Peter Schwartz - The Threat of "Abrupt Climate Change"

2008-02-11T15:10:00.000-08:00

Bush's 2009 Budget Shouldn't Be Ignored | OurFuture.org

2008-02-07T06:03:00.000-08:00

Bush's 2009 Budget Shouldn't Be Ignored | OurFuture.org:

"But just because significant parts of it will be rewritten does not mean that it should be dismissed as politically irrelevant. It is, in fact, very relevant to what should be the core political debate of 2008: Do we want a government that supports the needs and aspirations of ordinary Americans or one that turns its back on them?"

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Michael T. Klare | How Oil Burst the American Bubble

2008-02-01T14:47:00.000-08:00

or how gullible Americans but the big lie.

The great economic mega-bubble arose in the late 1990s, when oil was cheap, times were good, and millions of middle-class families aspired to realize the "American dream" by buying a three (or more) bedroom house on a decent piece of property in a nice, safe suburb with good schools and various other amenities. The hitch: Few such affordable homes were available for sale - or being built - within easy commuting range of major metropolitan areas or near public transportation. In the Los Angeles metropolitan area, for example, the median sale price of existing homes rose from $290,000 in 2002 to $446,400 in 2004; similar increases were posted in other major cities and in their older, more desirable suburbs.

The rest of the story: Michael T. Klare | How Oil Burst the American Bubble

It's a bleak future for Britain's future leaders - Telegraph

2008-01-30T12:15:00.000-08:00

It's a bleak future for Britain's future leaders - Telegraph:

"The Chief Executive of Forum for the Future, Peter Madden, said: 'This generation of students has a heavy burden to bear. They're the first to be fully aware of the damage that human beings are doing to the planet and the last with a chance to save it. That's quite some burden, but one that our future leaders seem confident they can carry.'"

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Developing State Solar Photovoltaic Markets

2008-01-30T11:01:00.000-08:00

The full report (pdf)

Solar photovoltaic energy is an established technology that has proven its ability to improve our national security and boost the economy. Photovoltaics produce energy that is both domestic and emission-free, making it key to weaning the United States of our dependence on polluting fossil fuels and helping to curb the effects of global warming. Solar PV also bolsters our economic security by creating more new jobs than any other energy technology.

We’ve Got 99 Problems, But A Human-Animal Hybrid Ain’t One

2008-01-28T10:31:00.000-08:00

A Look at the Biggest Winners and Biggest Losers Under the Bush Administration"

As President Bush’s days of power draw to a close, one thing is clear: We’ve got a lot more problems now than we did seven years ago.

Germany shows renewable fuels can provide 100% of electrical power Needs

2008-01-24T15:12:00.001-08:00

Rich countries owe poor a huge environmental debt | Science | guardian.co.uk

2008-01-23T22:06:00.000-08:00

"The environmental damage caused to developing nations by the world's richest countries amounts to more than the entire third world debt of $1.8 trillion, according to the first systematic global analysis of the ecological damage imposed by rich countries."

read the story "Rich countries owe poor a huge environmental debt" | Science | guardian.co.uk:

Books from the Earth Policy Institute - Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization

2008-01-22T11:33:00.000-08:00

Books from the Earth Policy Institute - Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization

Table of Contents LINKS

Plan B 3.0 Team (People who have purchased 5 or more copies.)

Upcoming Lectures

Transcripts and Audio

International Publishers

Q&A with Lester Brown by Bryan Walsh of Time magazine. January 7, 2008.

Podcast Interview with Lester Brown by Ira Flatow of Science Friday. January 11, 2008.

Mobilizing the US to Save Civilization: How it can be done

Biotech groups desert international agriculture project | Environment | guardian.co.uk

2008-01-22T11:14:00.000-08:00

"The draft report says there is a 'wide range of perspectives on the environmental, human health and economic risks and benefits of modern biotechnology, many of which are as yet unknown'. It says it is not clear whether GM crops increase yields and warns that use of the technology in the developing world could concentrate 'ownership of agricultural resources' in the hands of the companies involved, as well as causing problems with patents." Read more at Biotech groups desert international agriculture project | Environment | guardian.co.uk:

Rotten to the Core

2008-01-22T10:08:00.000-08:00

For sale: West’s deadly nuclear secrets - Times Online: "The Turks and Israelis had planted “moles” in military and academic institutions which handled nuclear technology. Edmonds says there were several transactions of nuclear material every month, with the Pakistanis being among the eventual buyers. “The network appeared to be obtaining information from every nuclear agency in the United States,” she said."

Beyond the point of no return | Gristmill: The environmental news blog | Grist

2008-01-20T17:54:00.000-08:00

Beyond the point of no return | Gristmill: The environmental news blog | Grist:

"The environmental establishment continues to peddle the notion that we can solve the climate problem.

We can't.

We have failed to meet nature's deadline. In the next few years, this world will experience progressively more ominous and destabilizing changes. These will happen either incrementally -- or in sudden, abrupt jumps."

High school cancels talk on climate, dividing town - International Herald Tribune

2008-01-17T12:11:00.000-08:00

Paranoia? You do the math! Maybe he should talk about GMOs ;-> Read the International Herald article

Action of Climate Change is cheap Insurance

2008-01-16T05:58:00.000-08:00

Bloomberg.com: News:

"Policy makers, Weitzman argued, should view spending now to slow climate change ``as an issue about how much insurance to buy to offset the small chance of a ruinous catastrophe that is difficult to compensate by ordinary saving.''

How high a probability, after all, must one have that global warming might lead to major environmental, refugee, and water and food-supply crises to see some value in taking preventative measures now?

From this perspective, even congressional skeptics who don't believe that global warming is caused by humans might be persuaded to support a carbon cap-and-trade system just on the chance that the scientists of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are right and the skeptics are wrong. They could see it as simply taking out a little Earth insurance."

Alcoa Takes Action on Climate Change; Becomes Founding Reporter of The Climate Registry: Financial News - Yahoo! Finance

2008-01-15T10:24:00.000-08:00

Alcoa Takes Action on Climate Change; Becomes Founding Reporter of The Climate Registry: Financial News - Yahoo! Finance:

"As a company, Alcoa’s core Values include a commitment to sustainability. Alcoa had established a target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25% below 1990 levels by 2010. This goal was achieved in 2003, seven years ahead of schedule, and those reductions have been maintained despite continuous growth."

A New Economic Engine: Energy in the 21st Century

2008-01-14T15:09:00.000-08:00

Excellent overview that outlines the approach that American needs to address future energy needs and be part of the global warming solution not the problem. Pricing CO2 emissions to account for the risk of not changing is absolutely vital to the success.

Cap and Trade is really a band aid way to do it according to leading economists. Replacing income taxes with carbon emissions tax ultimately will have to be done one way or another as income taxes provide the wrong kind of incentives and modifying the code to provide incentives only tends to reward the status quo high carbon emission economy instead of building a new low carbon economy.

Read more about progressive growth at the

Center for American Progress

Saving the Planet, Saving the Economy | OurFuture.org

2008-01-14T09:10:00.000-08:00

Discussion is going to heat up this year over what is ailing the economy and how we should change the past seven years of failed conservative policies. That economic discussion should not happen separately from discussion of global warming. Because how we tackle global warming directly affects, and potentially fortifies, our national and global economy. Read more

The high costs of doing nothing, part I | Gristmill: The environmental news blog | Grist

2008-01-11T13:02:00.000-08:00

The high costs of doing nothing, part I | Gristmill: The environmental news blog | Grist: "A dirty little secret of climate change is that somebody wants us to pay much higher taxes and higher energy bills. But it's not the advocates of climate action. It's the other guys.

Make no mistake: The costs of switching to clean energy and an energy-efficient economy are far less than the costs of doing nothing."

Global warming 'changing world economy' - Telegraph

2008-01-11T08:19:00.000-08:00

Global warming 'changing world economy' - Telegraph: "Global warming is forcing the world to change the way it does business, according to a new report.

A more sustainable global economy is emerging as countries and companies move to combat the challenges posed by climate change.

Huge amounts of money are pouring into clean energy projects, carbon trading and environmental and energy hedge funds, says the annual State of the World 2008 report from the Worldwatch Institute, an independent research organisation."

In Greenland, Ice and Instability

2008-01-10T13:23:00.000-08:00

In Greenland, Ice and Instability

The changes seen in Greenland may turn out to be self-limiting in the short run; surging glaciers can flatten out and slow, for instance. Or they may be a sign that the island's ice - holding about the same volume of water as the Gulf of Mexico - is poised for a rapid discharge. Scientists are divided on that question, and on whether there is a near-term risk from a Texas-size portion of West Antarctica's ice sheet that is also showing signs of instability. This split divides those foreseeing a rise in the sea level of a couple of feet this century from water added by Greenland, West Antarctica and mountain glaciers, and a few experts who speak of a couple of yards in that time.

AlterNet: Environment: Are U.S. Cities Ready For Bike-Sharing?

2008-01-10T07:02:00.000-08:00

AlterNet: Environment: Are U.S. Cities Ready For Bike-Sharing?

AlterNet: Environment: Are U.S. Cities Ready For Bike-Sharing?: "Copenhagen's then-new bike-sharing service. One glimpse and DeMaio was hooked. 'The idea just blew me away,' he says. 'This was it.'

DeMaio arranged to study in Denmark, where he absorbed as much about bike-sharing culture as possible. Convinced that the idea would appeal to Americans, he created MetroBike LLC, a bicycle planning and bike-sharing consulting company based in Washington D.C"

Climate change: The real New Hampshire story - Telegraph

2008-01-09T13:53:00.000-08:00

Climate change: The real New Hampshire story - Telegraph

The press hasn't reported on it but the real story from last night's election may be how important global warming was for the voters of New Hampshire and in particular, for John McCain's turnaround win.


	Protesters signs in the snow outside the state house in Concord, New Hampshire

He's a pro-Iraq war Republican whose campaign was all but written off six months ago, but alone among the Republicans he has a passion for the climate issue and a plan to address it.

See what One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) is all about - Run it in Windows

2007-12-21T08:32:00.000-08:00

Emulating the XO/Quick Start/Windows - OLPC Information

Download the emulator and run it in a Windows window

Download olpc_qemu_full.zip (210 MB)

The Air Car

2007-12-20T19:27:00.000-08:00

The Air Car: "The fiberglass MiniC.A.T. runs on compressed air, and offers zero pollution and very low running costs"

Climate Change News | Full Coverage - Yahoo! News UK

2007-12-15T18:36:00.000-08:00

Climate Change News | Full Coverage - Yahoo! News UK-US Bacls Down

A drama-filled 190-nation conference on Saturday set a 2009 deadline for a landmark pact to fight global warming after an isolated United States backed down on last-ditch objections.

Zero emissions needed to avert 'dangerous' warming - climate-change - 11 October 2007 - New Scientist

2007-12-15T18:25:00.000-08:00

Zero emissions needed to avert 'dangerous' warming - climate-change - 11 October 2007 - New Scientist:

"Only the total elimination of industrial emissions will succeed in limiting climate change to a 2�C rise in temperatures, according to computer analysis of climate change. Anything above this target has been identified as 'dangerous' by some scientists, and the limit has been adopted by many policymakers."

Send email replies to: hlbumpkin.anybody@blogspot.com

BBC NEWS | Special Reports | 629 | 629 | Climate change around the world

2007-12-12T17:30:00.000-08:00

BBC NEWS | Special Reports | 629 | 629 | Climate change around the world

The real answer to climate change is to leave fossil fuels in the ground | Comment | Guardian Unlimited Politics

2007-12-12T16:40:00.000-08:00

The real answer to climate change is to leave fossil fuels in the ground | Comment | Guardian Unlimited Politics:

"From the goodness of my heart, I offer it to you for free. No patents, no small print, no hidden clauses. Already this technology, a radical new kind of carbon capture and storage, is causing a stir among scientists. It is cheap, it is efficient and it can be deployed straight away. It is called ... leaving fossil fuels in the ground."

Get Involved with GoodSearch : GoodSearch : Search the Internet with GoodSearch and support your favorite charity or school.

2007-12-12T13:42:00.000-08:00

Get Involved with GoodSearch : GoodSearch : Search the Internet with GoodSearch and support your favorite charity or school.:

"Here's a new easy way to raise money for your favorite cause. Just start using GoodSearch.com as your search engine and online shopping mall. Every time you search the Internet or make an online purchase at one of their partner merchants, GoodSearch makes a donation to your favorite nonprofit or school and it's powered by Yahoo! so you get great search results!"

Global Deal | openDemocracy

2007-12-10T20:59:00.000-08:00

Global Deal | openDemocracy

Global Deal investigates new pathways in the international politics of climate change. It is a forum for in-depth analysis and debate, bringing together voices from many sectors and areas of expertise.

NDTV.com: Worldwide call to stop climate change

2007-12-08T18:31:00.000-08:00

NDTV.com: Worldwide call to stop climate change: "Environmental campaigners called for demonstrations worldwide on Saturday from costume parades in Manila to bicycle protests in London to draw attention to climate change and push leaders to take robust action.

"Hundreds of people rallied in the Philippines' capital wearing miniature windmills atop hats, or framing their faces in cardboard cutouts of the sun. ''We are trying to send a message that we are going to have to use renewable energy sometime, because the environment, we need to really preserve it,'' high school student Samantha Gonzales said in Manila. ''We have to act now.''

"In all, marches were planned in more than 50 cities across the world Saturday, to coincide with the two-week UN Climate Change Conference, which runs through Friday in Bali, Indonesia."

Climate Scientist James Hansen won't be quiet

2007-12-07T16:01:00.000-08:00

Independent Weekly: News: Feature: James Hansen won't be quiet:

"Under the Reagan administration in 1981, the U.S. Department of Energy pulled the plug on his funding after he and several colleagues wrote a paper for the journal Science predicting the world would get warmer throughout the 1980s and sea ice would be melting by the 21st century."

Not only ahead of his time but correct. Now that is a tough one to explain.

The world and climate change: all together now | openDemocracy

2007-12-07T13:15:00.000-08:00

The world and climate change: all together now | openDemocracy:

"A planetary crisis calls for clear thinking and shared action towards a global deal, says Tom Burke. "

BALI, Indonesia (AP) -- China said Friday it will not consider mandatory cuts on greenhouse gases, saying the United States and other industrialized c

2007-12-07T10:43:00.000-08:00

Wired News - AP News

BALI, Indonesia (AP) -- Wired News- AP

China said Friday it will not consider mandatory cuts on greenhouse gases, saying the United States and other industrialized countries should take the lead in fighting climate change by embracing a less-extravagant lifestyle.

This a start of discussion that must lead to a zero CO2 emission human culture. It is not us/them anymore but "how do we get it done?" Lifestyle changes we have not dreamed of but need to make none-the-less!

Biofuels - a solution worse than the problem? - Telegraph

2007-12-05T17:50:00.000-08:00

Biofuels - a solution worse than the problem? - Telegraph

It turns out that growing corn in the American Midwest takes about as much energy - for making fertilisers and processing the crop - as is saved by replacing petrol on the forecourt. And there is worse.

Another big problem is that growing biofuels takes a lot of land and huge amounts of water, neither of which the world has to spare

Mankind needs to make artificial life to survive - Telegraph

2007-12-04T19:50:00.000-08:00

Mankind needs to make artificial life to survive - Telegraph: "The future of life on Earth depends on creating synthetic organisms to cut greenhouse gases, according to the leading American scientist who is poised to create the world's first man-made species."

AlterNet: Environment: How to Really Love Your Country: Five Objectives for True Patriots

2007-12-04T14:09:00.000-08:00

AlterNet: Environment: How to Really Love Your Country: Five Objectives for True Patriots

Throughout history, some of the most respected defenders of liberty felt that patriotism implies thoughtfulness over blind acceptance of the norm.

1. How we spend our money
2. What we give to the world
3. The people we ignore
4. Our lifestyles
5. The growing income disparity

But what can we do? Find a presidential candidate who has the guts to stand up to the military and the arms exporters; who will ensure that multinational companies respect human rights laws; and who will cancel the tax cuts and capital gains breaks for the wealthy. And while we're complaining about government, we need to take a good look at our own unceasing demand for the consumer goods and comforts that make us many times better off than the great majority of people in the world.

Climate campaigner's road from 'raving idiot' to Australian of the year - Yahoo! News UK

2007-12-03T11:21:00.000-08:00

Climate campaigner's road from 'raving idiot' to Australian of the year - Yahoo! News UK:

"By Neil Sands AFP - Monday, December 3 03:40 am SYDNEY (AFP) - Australian scientist Tim Flannery grew used to receiving quizzical looks in the 1990s as he pounded the corridors of power in Canberra urging politicians to do something about climate change. 'You'd go and see a federal minister and they'd stare at you like you were a raving idiot,' Flannery says of his early lobbying efforts. 'You could see them thinking 'what's this guy spouting on about?'. 'That only changed recently.'"

2years in a FEMA trailer from Current

2007-12-01T08:59:00.000-08:00

A report from a acquaintance of mine, Bill Delano, who does citizen jouralism. Pretty well done. Check out Current.com

The Dollar Nosedive: Why America's Currency Is the World's Problem - 3 - International - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News

2007-11-30T11:02:00.000-08:00

The Dollar Nosedive: Why America's Currency Is the World's Problem - 3 - International - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News

While Asia finances America's excessive consumer spending, the Americans buy Asia's cheap T-shirts, cars and flat-screen TVs. "Getting this much into debt while at the same time enjoying returns on long-term government bonds of less than 5 percent -- I'd call it the biggest free lunch in modern economic history," says Harvard historian Niall Ferguson, referring to the audacity with which the Americans take advantage of their privileges as holders of the world's reserve currency.

Rarely has the world economy been so out of whack or have global imbalances been greater. The Americans were the world's financiers for years. Today they are its biggest borrowers, while the Asians serve as America's bank.

It's obvious that this does not bode well for the long term. For years, economists and politicians have been warning against an impending crash. Now it seems that the time is ripe for this to happen.

AKI - Adnkronos international Indonesia: 'Green' cycling tour arrives in Bali ahead of climate change summit

2007-11-29T17:39:00.000-08:00

AKI - Adnkronos international Indonesia: 'Green' cycling tour arrives in Bali ahead of climate change summit:

"The cycling tour, called 'Bicycle for Earth Goes to Bali' has been held to promote biking as an alternative means of transport that does not add to climate change. Along the 1447 kilometer long route from Jakarta to Bali, events have been held to inform the public about climate change and promote alternative solutions, and the team has attended political debates and other public events"

Join Live Earth

2007-11-29T15:45:00.000-08:00